Design of distribution transformers – e-lesson #9: Short circuit design

Hosted by: Mario Salano / Intermediate level
This is the lesson #9 of the Design of distribution transformers course and it is conducted on the Intermediate level. This time the author, Mr. Mario Salano, will discuss short circuit design.
This lesson focuses on the importance of short circuit design in power transformers. Transformers are crucial components in power generation and transmission, and their ability to withstand short circuit conditions is essential. The lesson explains that short circuit design is necessary to determine the transformer's equivalent circuit parameters and provide data for proper sizing. It highlights the increasing power ratings and transmission voltages of transformers, leading to more pronounced thermal and mechanical challenges. The lesson emphasizes the importance of testing transformers to ensure they can withstand short circuit stresses, as failures caused by short circuits are a major cause of transformer outages. It discusses the electromagnetic and mechanical forces acting on transformers during short circuit events and the need for robust mechanical design. The lesson also covers the calculation of short circuit impedance and its role in determining the severity of short circuit conditions. Finally, it touches on the risks of flashover and lightning strikes, which can lead to short circuit events in high-voltage systems.
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As in all of the previous and upcoming lessons of this course, here too the author’s main intention is to provide an overview of transformer design by taking into account stakeholders’ wishes and preferences.
The lesson stays available on-demand upon the live broadcasting.
LESSON FOCUS:
⏺ The importance of short circuit design in power transformers. Transformers are crucial components in power generation and transmission, and their ability to withstand short circuit conditions is essential
⏺ Author explains that short circuit design is necessary to determine the transformer’s equivalent circuit parameters and provide data for proper sizing
⏺ It highlights the increasing power ratings and transmission voltages of transformers, leading to more pronounced thermal and mechanical challenges
⏺ The lesson emphasizes the importance of testing transformers to ensure they can withstand short circuit stresses, as failures caused by short circuits are a major cause of transformer outages
⏺ It discusses the electromagnetic and mechanical forces acting on transformers during short circuit events and the need for robust mechanical design
⏺ Covers the calculation of short circuit impedance and its role in determining the severity of short circuit conditions
Finally, it touches on the risks of flashover and lightning strikes, which can lead to short circuit events in high-voltage systems
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About the author

Mario Salano
Mr. Salano’s expertise in the field of power transformers comes from a well established engineering skills acquired in “Salano transformers”, renowned Italian company that manufactured line-frequency power transformers for Italian power utilities. While inheriting the company from his father, Sig. Mario Salano used his vast engineering skills and he managed to maintain the company in rough period of seventies, adding new technologies and novel approaches to traditional values and products of “Salano transformers”.
His current interests include high-efficiency distribution transformers, the impact of nonlinear loads on power transformers, novel materials for transformer cores and also high-frequency power transformers for the use in conjunction with power electronics topologies.