Transformer Testing Course – E-LESSON #4 – Short-circuit impedance and load loss measurement

Hosted by: Balázs Sztari / Free
This lesson covers the measurement of short circuit impedance and load loss on power transformers. It explains the importance of these parameters for electrical network design, transformer efficiency, and manufacturing quality control. The lesson defines the key concepts, including short circuit impedance, resistive and reactive components, and load loss. It describes the typical test arrangement using instrument transformers and a power analyzer, as well as the requirements for the test equipment. The lesson discusses the impact of measurement errors, particularly phase errors, and the methods for compensating them. It provides an example calculation to determine the load loss and short circuit impedance, including temperature corrections. Finally, the lesson compares the differences between the IEC and IEEE standards regarding these measurements.
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Short-circuit impedance and load loss measurement is a mandatory part of every transformer factory acceptance test. These are very important and guaranteed parameters of the transformer, thus their correct and accurate measurement is essential.
In the fourth lesson of the Transformer Testing Course, you can learn about the basics and techniques of these tests with the usual detailed explanations.
Keywords: Power Transformers, Transformer Testing, Short-circuit impedance, Load loss, Measurement
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About the author

Balázs Sztari
CG Electric Systems HungaryBalázs Sztari is the head of Testing and Quality Control department at CG Electric Systems Hungary (formerly Ganz).
He joined the company in 1999 after he graduated as electrical engineer in Budapest. Beside of factory acceptance tests, his team performs commissioning, diagnostics and R&D tests on power transformers and rotating machines.
He is currently a member of Cigre A2.53 working group.